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Hal Russell (born Harold Luttenbacher, August 28, 1926 – September 5, 1992) was an American free jazz composer, band leader and mult-instrumentalist who performed mainly on saxophone and drums but occasionally on trumpet or vibraphone.〔Clarke, D., (Donald's Encyclopedia of Popular Music: Hal Russell ), accessed May 6, 2014〕 Russel's fiery music was marked by significant humor, not unlike much of Dutch drummer Han Bennink's output. His music was so accessible that ''People'' magazine hailed ''The Finnish Swiss Tour'' on ECM as one of its top 5 albums of the year. Russell set the table for the free improv and free jazz scene which exploded later in the 90's in Chicago. ==Biography== Born in Detroit in 1926, and raised in Chicago from the 8th grade, Russell began playing drums at age four, but majored in trumpet at college; he subsequently drummed in several big bands, including those of Woody Herman and Boyd Raeburn.〔Huey, Steve. (Hal Russell biography ), ''Allmusic'', accessed February 28, 2014.〕 As with many young players in the mid-1940s, Russell's life was irreversibly changed by bebop. In the '50s he worked with an incredible chain of legendary players: Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane, Duke Ellington. He succumbed to drugs and was a dedicated heroin addicted for ten years. In 1959, he joined the Joe Daley Trio, whose ''Newport' 1963'', which was mostly studio material, was reputedly one of the earliest free jazz records. In the early '70s Russell was the regular percussionist for the band at the suburban Chicago Candlelight Dinner Playhouse. Here he played mostly drums, but occasionally vibes and keyboards. At the same time he would host many young, excellent jazz musicians for jam sessions at his home or in Chicago nightclubs. In 1979, Russell formed the NRG Ensemble, which for most of its existence featured saxophonist Mars Williams, multi-instrumentalist Brian Sandstrom, and percussionist Steve Hunt, among others.〔 At this time he starting playing tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone and trumpet, in addition to drums and vibes.〔 Russell finally issued his first album in 1981 for the Nessa label. In the late '80s, the group began playing frequently in Europe, and began recording for ECM with ''The Finnish/Swiss Tour''. Russell led the NRG Ensemble until his death. In addition to the NRG Ensemble, Russell always maintained several auxiliary bands, a partneship with pianist Joel Futterman, the rock-oriented trio NRG 3 with Ed Ludwig on drums and Noel Kupersmith on bass, and The Flying Luttenbachers with Chad Organ on tenor sax and Weasel Walter on drums.〔 Cited by some as a missing link between the AACM and later Chicago free jazz, Russell was experiencing greater public awareness before his death. Just after completing the semi-autobiographical album ''The Hal Russell Story'', Russell died of a heart attack in September 1992.〔Reich, Howard. (Hal Russell obituary ) at ''Chicago Tribune''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hal Russell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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